3
phase power is used today for many
applications ranging from the above grain dryer to saw
mills, conveyer belt systems, refrigeration and air
conditioning, etc.
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3 Phase Contents |
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3
Phase Wiring
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To
Buy Phase Converters
We Recommend ACE Brand.
Call 1-800-967-7217
Web Link:
Phase Converters |
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3
Phase Electrical Circuit Wiring and Color Codes
The
3 phases are typically indicated visually in
electrical diagrams by colors. The standards for
these colors vary by country. See the 3
phase wiring color code table for details.
Conductors
of a 3 phase system are usually marked by color code,
to allow for balanced loading and to assure the
correct phase rotation for 3
phase induction motors. Colors used vary widely
and may adhere to old standards or to no standard at
all, and sometimes vary even within an installation.
However, the current National Electrical Code (2005)
does not require color identification of conductors
other than that of the neutral (white or white with a
color stripe), the ground (green or green with a
yellow stripe), or in the case of a High Leg Delta
system, the High Leg must be identified with orange.
See the chart below for color coding by country.
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3 Phase
Power Wave Form
One
voltage cycle of a three-phase system, labeled 0 to
360° ( 2 π radians) along the time axis. The
plotted line represents the variation of instantaneous
voltage (or current) with respect to time. This cycle
will repeat 50 or 60 times per second, depending on
the power system frequency. The colors of the lines
represent the American color code for three-phase.
That is black=VL1 red=VL2 blue=VL3 |
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Three
phase systems may or may not have a neutral wire. A
neutral wire allows the three phase system to use a
higher voltage while still supporting lower voltage
single phase appliances. In high voltage distribution
situations it is common not to have a neutral wire as
the loads can simply be connected between phases
(phase-phase connection).
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L1
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L2
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L3
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Neutral
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Earth
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North
America
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Black
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Red
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Blue
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White
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Green
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North
America (newer 277/480 installations)
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Brown
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Orange
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Yellow
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White
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Green
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UK
until April 2006
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Red
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Yellow
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Blue
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Black
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green/yellow
striped (green on very old installations)
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Europe
(including UK) from April 2004
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Brown
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Black
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Grey
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Blue
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green/yellow
striped
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Previous
European (varies by country)
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Brown
or black
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Black
or brown
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Black
or brown
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Blue
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green/yellow
striped
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| Europe,
for busbars
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yellow
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green
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purple
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–
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–
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*
In the U.S. a green/yellow striped wire usually
indicates an isolated
ground.
3
Phase Circuit Numbering
In
the U.S., the circuit numbers of a three phase system
are identified as follows. The following chart is true
for 3 phase power (Black, Red, Blue) and 277/480
(Brown, Orange, Yellow) installations. The purpose of
the standardized circuit number to wire color is for
future troubleshooting. For example, if an electrician
knows that the electrical wire running to a nonworking
plug is blue, the
electrician can instantly eliminate 2/3 of the
remaining circuits.
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Red/Orange
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Blue/Yellow
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1/2
7/8
13/14
19/20
25/26
31/32
37/38
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3/4
9/10
15/16
21/22
27/28
33/34
39/40
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5/6
11/12
17/18
23/24
29/30
35/36
41/42
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3
Phase Power Calculation
There
are several mathematical
3 phase power calculations that you can use to
calculate your 3
phase power distribution to make sure that your
wiring distributes your load evenly maintaining a
balanced system. These calculations are useful
for many purposes including when you have single phase
equipment and 3 phase equipment running on the same
power lines. Read more about 3
phase power calculation here.
Continue
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